172 lines
5.5 KiB
Python
172 lines
5.5 KiB
Python
|
"""
|
||
|
altgraph.GraphAlgo - Graph algorithms
|
||
|
=====================================
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
from altgraph import GraphError
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def dijkstra(graph, start, end=None):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest paths
|
||
|
|
||
|
`David Eppstein, UC Irvine, 4 April 2002
|
||
|
<http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/161/python/>`_
|
||
|
|
||
|
`Python Cookbook Recipe
|
||
|
<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/119466>`_
|
||
|
|
||
|
Find shortest paths from the start node to all nodes nearer than or
|
||
|
equal to the end node.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Dijkstra's algorithm is only guaranteed to work correctly when all edge
|
||
|
lengths are positive. This code does not verify this property for all
|
||
|
edges (only the edges examined until the end vertex is reached), but will
|
||
|
correctly compute shortest paths even for some graphs with negative edges,
|
||
|
and will raise an exception if it discovers that a negative edge has
|
||
|
caused it to make a mistake.
|
||
|
|
||
|
Adapted to altgraph by Istvan Albert, Pennsylvania State University -
|
||
|
June, 9 2004
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
D = {} # dictionary of final distances
|
||
|
P = {} # dictionary of predecessors
|
||
|
Q = _priorityDictionary() # estimated distances of non-final vertices
|
||
|
Q[start] = 0
|
||
|
|
||
|
for v in Q:
|
||
|
D[v] = Q[v]
|
||
|
if v == end:
|
||
|
break
|
||
|
|
||
|
for w in graph.out_nbrs(v):
|
||
|
edge_id = graph.edge_by_node(v, w)
|
||
|
vwLength = D[v] + graph.edge_data(edge_id)
|
||
|
if w in D:
|
||
|
if vwLength < D[w]:
|
||
|
raise GraphError(
|
||
|
"Dijkstra: found better path to already-final vertex"
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
elif w not in Q or vwLength < Q[w]:
|
||
|
Q[w] = vwLength
|
||
|
P[w] = v
|
||
|
|
||
|
return (D, P)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def shortest_path(graph, start, end):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Find a single shortest path from the *start* node to the *end* node.
|
||
|
The input has the same conventions as dijkstra(). The output is a list of
|
||
|
the nodes in order along the shortest path.
|
||
|
|
||
|
**Note that the distances must be stored in the edge data as numeric data**
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
|
||
|
D, P = dijkstra(graph, start, end)
|
||
|
Path = []
|
||
|
while 1:
|
||
|
Path.append(end)
|
||
|
if end == start:
|
||
|
break
|
||
|
end = P[end]
|
||
|
Path.reverse()
|
||
|
return Path
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
#
|
||
|
# Utility classes and functions
|
||
|
#
|
||
|
class _priorityDictionary(dict):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Priority dictionary using binary heaps (internal use only)
|
||
|
|
||
|
David Eppstein, UC Irvine, 8 Mar 2002
|
||
|
|
||
|
Implements a data structure that acts almost like a dictionary, with
|
||
|
two modifications:
|
||
|
|
||
|
1. D.smallest() returns the value x minimizing D[x]. For this to
|
||
|
work correctly, all values D[x] stored in the dictionary must be
|
||
|
comparable.
|
||
|
|
||
|
2. iterating "for x in D" finds and removes the items from D in sorted
|
||
|
order. Each item is not removed until the next item is requested,
|
||
|
so D[x] will still return a useful value until the next iteration
|
||
|
of the for-loop. Each operation takes logarithmic amortized time.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
|
||
|
def __init__(self):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Initialize priorityDictionary by creating binary heap of pairs
|
||
|
(value,key). Note that changing or removing a dict entry will not
|
||
|
remove the old pair from the heap until it is found by smallest()
|
||
|
or until the heap is rebuilt.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
self.__heap = []
|
||
|
dict.__init__(self)
|
||
|
|
||
|
def smallest(self):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Find smallest item after removing deleted items from front of heap.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
if len(self) == 0:
|
||
|
raise IndexError("smallest of empty priorityDictionary")
|
||
|
heap = self.__heap
|
||
|
while heap[0][1] not in self or self[heap[0][1]] != heap[0][0]:
|
||
|
lastItem = heap.pop()
|
||
|
insertionPoint = 0
|
||
|
while 1:
|
||
|
smallChild = 2 * insertionPoint + 1
|
||
|
if (
|
||
|
smallChild + 1 < len(heap)
|
||
|
and heap[smallChild] > heap[smallChild + 1]
|
||
|
):
|
||
|
smallChild += 1
|
||
|
if smallChild >= len(heap) or lastItem <= heap[smallChild]:
|
||
|
heap[insertionPoint] = lastItem
|
||
|
break
|
||
|
heap[insertionPoint] = heap[smallChild]
|
||
|
insertionPoint = smallChild
|
||
|
return heap[0][1]
|
||
|
|
||
|
def __iter__(self):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Create destructive sorted iterator of priorityDictionary.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
|
||
|
def iterfn():
|
||
|
while len(self) > 0:
|
||
|
x = self.smallest()
|
||
|
yield x
|
||
|
del self[x]
|
||
|
|
||
|
return iterfn()
|
||
|
|
||
|
def __setitem__(self, key, val):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Change value stored in dictionary and add corresponding pair to heap.
|
||
|
Rebuilds the heap if the number of deleted items gets large, to avoid
|
||
|
memory leakage.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
dict.__setitem__(self, key, val)
|
||
|
heap = self.__heap
|
||
|
if len(heap) > 2 * len(self):
|
||
|
self.__heap = [(v, k) for k, v in self.items()]
|
||
|
self.__heap.sort()
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
newPair = (val, key)
|
||
|
insertionPoint = len(heap)
|
||
|
heap.append(None)
|
||
|
while insertionPoint > 0 and newPair < heap[(insertionPoint - 1) // 2]:
|
||
|
heap[insertionPoint] = heap[(insertionPoint - 1) // 2]
|
||
|
insertionPoint = (insertionPoint - 1) // 2
|
||
|
heap[insertionPoint] = newPair
|
||
|
|
||
|
def setdefault(self, key, val):
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
Reimplement setdefault to pass through our customized __setitem__.
|
||
|
"""
|
||
|
if key not in self:
|
||
|
self[key] = val
|
||
|
return self[key]
|